Hubei Fotma Machinery Co., Ltd is an enterprise that specialized in grain and oil processing equipment manufacturing, engineering designing, installation and training service. Our factory occupy the area more than 90, 000m2, have more than 300 employees and over than 200 sets advanced production machines, we have the capacity to produce 2000 sets of varied rice milling or oil pressing equipment per year.
Edible Oil Refining Process: Water Degumming
The water degumming process involves adding water to the crude oil, hydrating the water soluble components, and then removing the majority of them via centrifugal separation. The light phase after centrifugal separation is the crude degummed oil, and the heavy phase after centrifugal separation is a combination of water, water soluble components and entrained oil, collectively referred to as "gums". The crude degummed oil is dried and cooled before being sent to storage. The gums are pumped back onto the meal.
1. Description
Degumming process in oil refining plant is to remove gum impurities in crude oil by physical or chemical methods, and it is the first stage in oil refining / purification process. After screw pressing and solvent extracting from oilseeds, the crude oil mainly contains triglycerides and few non-triglyceride. The non-triglyceride composition including phospholipids, proteins, phlegmatic and sugar would react with triglycerides to form colloid, which is known as gum impurities.
The gum impurities not only affect the stability of the oil but also affect the process effect of oil refining and deep processing. For instance, non-degummed oil is easy to form an emulsified oil in the alkaline refining process, thus increasing the difficulty of operation, oil refining loss, and auxiliary material consumption; in the decolorization process, non-degummed oil will increase the consumption of adsorbent and reduce discoloring effectiveness. Therefore, gum removing is necessary as the first step in oil refinery process before oil deacidification, oil decolorization, and oil deodorization.
The specific methods of degumming include hydrated degumming(water degumming), acid refining degumming, alkali refining method, adsorption method, electropolymerization and thermal polymerization method. In edible oil refining process, the most commonly used method is hydrated degumming, which can extract the hydratable phospholipids and some non-hydrate phospholipids, while the remaining non-hydrate phospholipids need to be removed by acid refining degumming.
2. Process
The water degumming process involves adding water to the crude oil, hydrating the water soluble components, and then removing the majority of them via centrifugal separation. The light phase after centrifugal separation is the crude degummed oil, and the heavy phase after centrifugal separation is a combination of water, water soluble components and entrained oil, collectively referred to as "gums". The crude degummed oil is dried and cooled before being sent to storage. The gums are pumped back onto the meal.
In oil refining plant, the hydrated degumming machine can be operated together with oil deacidification machine, decolorization machine, and deodorizing machine, and these machines are the composition of the oil purifying production line. The purifying line is classified into intermittent type, semi-continuous type, and fully continuous type. The customer could choose the type according to their required production capacity: the factory with a production capacity of 1-10t per day is suitable for using intermittent type equipment, 20-50t per day factory is suitable for using semi-continuous type equipment, producing more than 50t per day is suitable for using fully continuous type equipment. The most commonly used type is the intermittent hydrated degumming production line.
3. Technical Data
3.1 Volume of added water
(1) Effect of added water on flocculation: A proper amount of water can form a stable multi-layer liposome structure. Insufficient water will lead to incomplete hydration and bad colloidal flocculation; Excessive water tends to form water-oil emulsification, which is difficult to separate impurities from the oil.
(2) The relationship between added water content (W) and glum content (G) in different operating temperature:
| low temperature hydration(20~30ºC) |
W=(0.5~1)G |
| medium temperature hydration(60~65ºC) |
W=(2~3)G |
| high temperature hydration(85~95ºC) |
W=(3~3.5)G |
(3) Sample test: Appropriate amount of added water can be determined through a sample test.
3.2 Operating temperature
The operation temperature is generally corresponding to the critical temperature (for better flocculation, operation temperature can be slightly higher than the critical temperature). And the operation temperature will affect the amount of added water when the temperature is high, the amount of water is large, otherwise, it is small.
3.3 Intensity of hydration mixing and reaction time
(1) Inhomogeneous hydration: Gum flocculation is a heterogeneous reaction at the interaction interface. In order to form a stable oil-water emulsion state, mechanical mixing the mixture can make the droplets fully dispersed, mechanical mixing needs to be intensified especially when the amount of added water is large and the temperature is low.
(2) Intensityof hydration mixing: When mixing oil with water, the stirring speed is 60 r/min. At the period of flocculation generating, the stirring speed is 30 r/min. The reaction time of hydration mixing is around 30 minutes.
3.4 Electrolytes:
(1) Varieties of electrolytes: Salt, alum, sodium silicate, phosphoric acid, citric acid and dilute sodium hydroxide solution.
(2) The main function of electrolyte:
a. Electrolytes can neutralize some electric charge of colloidal particles and promote the colloidal particles to sedimentate.
b. To convert the non-hydrated phospholipids to hydrated phospholipids.
c. Alum: flocculant aid. Alum can absorb pigments in oil.
d. To chelate with metal ions and remove them.
e. To promote the colloidal flocculation closer and reduce the oil content of flocs.
3.5 Other factors
(1) Uniformity of oil: Before hydration, the crude oil should be fully stirred so that the colloid can be distributed evenly.
(2) temperature of added water: When hydration, the temperature of adding water should be equal to or slightly higher than the oil temperature.
(3) Added water quality
(4) Operational stability
Generally speaking, technical parameters of the degumming process is determined according to the quality of the oil, and the parameters of different oils in the degumming process are different. If you have interest in refining oil, please contact us with your questions or ideas. We will arrange our professional engineers to customize a suitable oil line which equipped with the corresponding oil refining equipment for you.
4. Photos
5. Packing and Shipping
(1)Packing: Usually in the wooden cases for main machines and carton boxes for small parts.
(2)Delivery:
Usually in 5-45 days after payment, it depends on the model and order quantity. For small packages, we can choose delivery by air(Normal air or courier: DHL, TNT, UPS, FedEx, etc.). For large machines, we can arrange to ship by water( LCL or FCL, bulk cargo or RO/RO), train or truck.
6. Our Factory
7. Certification
8. Customer visiting
9. Installation Site
10. Why Choose FOTMA?
1.For more than a decade, with its excellent production technology and high-quality after-sales service, it has always been recognized and loved by users.
2.Obtained many official promotion appraisals and won many national patents. The technology is continuously updated, the products are mature and reliable, and the technology always leads.
3.High oil output, clean and pure oil, good market efficiency. Original automation, intelligent technology, automatic electronic temperature control function, energy saving and high efficiency.
4.Original automation, intelligent technology, automatic electronic temperature control function, energy saving and high efficiency.
5.FOTMA can provide a full set of technical support and perfect after-sales service, which is the first choice of urban and rural oil mills and small and medium-sized refineries.
11. Our Service
---One year quality warranty for the machine and spare parts
--- Oversea engineers service for installation
--- Whole-life after-sales service and free consultation
---Customized requirements available
---Technician guide at the site.
---24Hr online service
12. FAQ
Q1:- What's your advantage? Why we choose you?
A:- Above 20 years' experience of designing, manufacturing and exporting of the grain and oil processing machinery. We have the most professional techniques and team and more advantage in price.
Q2:- Can we mix different models and accessories together?
A:- You may mix different products or models in a single container but we would need to advise you on optimum loading and final capacity of your shipment.
Q3:- How do I visit you and the factory?
A:- You are welcomed to visit us and our factory at your convenience. We can pick you up at airport or train station and bring you to our factory . Let us know your schedule in details so we can arrange everything for you. Normally you need 3 days for an adequate visit to our factory.
Q4:- How can I become a dealer in my area?
A:- If you are qualified, you may apply for a dealership. We choose reliable partners for a long term business cooperation.
Q5:- Can I get an exclusive right for your machines in some territories?
A:- It depends on which country you are in. We have exclusive agents at several countries at this time. Most countries you can sell freely.
Q6:- After payment, how long will it take to get the machines we order?
A:- Normally 30-90 days after your payment (15-45 days for manufacturing, 15 - 45 days for delivery and shipment on sea)
Q7:- How to order the spare parts?
A:- Some machines will come with some free spare parts. We also advise you purchase some wearing parts with the machines together to stock for urgent replacement, we can send you recommended parts list.
Q8:- I knew nothing about these machines, what kind of machine I should choose?
A:- Very easy. Let us know your idea about the capacity or budget, you will also be asked some easy questions, then we can recommend you good models according to the information.
Q9:- What is your warranty period?
A:- Our company offer 12 months warranty since goods arrival at destination. If there is any quality problem which caused by material or workmanship fault during the warranty period, please contact us directly and we'll supply free spare parts for replacement.
Q10:- What is the warranty range?
A:- The quality problem which caused by material or workmanship fault will be covered by warranty. The wearing parts and electric device are not included in warranty range. Any troubles and damages that caused by misplacement, misuse, improper operation, poor maintenance and non-compliance with seller's instructions will however be excluded from the guarantee.
Q11:- Does your price include freight?
A:- Our usual price is based on FOB China. If you request CIF price including freight cost, please let us know the discharging port, we will quote freight cost according to the machine model and shipping size
Q12:- If your prices include the installation?
A:- The prices for machines and installation are quoted separately. The price of machines does not include the installation cost.
Q13:- If you supply installation service?
A:- Yes. We can send engineers to guide your local workers to install and debug the machines. The engineers will guide you install the machines, test and commissioning, as well as train your technicians on how to operate, maintain and repair the machines.
Q14:- What is the installation cost?
A:- Here are the charges of installation services might be incurred:
1. Visa fee for engineers.
2. Traveling cost of round-trip tickets for our engineers from/to your country.
3. Lodging: the local accommodation and also ensure engineers' safety in your country.
4. Subsidy for engineers.
5. Cost for local workers and Chinese interpreter.
Q15:- How can I run my machines after installation? Who will operate the machines?
A:- You can employ some local people or technician to work with our engineers together during installation. After installation, some of them could be trained as operator or technician to work for you.
Q16:- How can I do if I met problems during running the machines?
A:- We will send English manuals with the machines, we will also train your own technicians. If there is still doubts during operation, you can contact us directly with your questions.
Q17:- What are the prices of your machines?
A:- The prices are different for different models with different configurations. If you want to know more details, please send us messages right now.
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